Targeted Cancer Therapy in NCCN-Guided Oncology
Eduard Achim, Alexandru Vlad Optita, Alexandru Vlad Mănăsoiu, Mihaela Tertis, Cecilia CristeaAbstract
Background
This comprehensive review provides a critical synthesis of the transformative roles of monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in modern oncology, as reflected in the most recent National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines evaluated during the defined 2025 data-collection window.
Methods
From nearly 200 recommended targeted agents, we focus on those with the highest clinical impact, selected for their frequency of use, paradigm-shifting influence and relevance across multiple tumour types. For each therapy, the mechanism of action, biomarker-driven applications, tumour-agnostic approvals and landmark clinical trials are discussed.
Results
This study highlights the evolution from empiric chemotherapy to precision medicine and critically examines resistance mechanisms, safety, real-world access disparities and the integration of molecular diagnostics. It also discusses combination strategies, adaptive trial designs and next-generation modalities.
Conclusions
This work provides clinicians and researchers with a concise reference for navigating the rapidly expanding field of precision oncology therapeutics.