Talent management: Challenges and opportunities of the 21st century

The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the literature in the field of talent management, its challenges, and perspectives in order to better understand its significance and to contribute to the existing knowledge in the area of human resource management (HRM). This topic has been highly relevant in recent years, sparking numerous studies, especially those based on the challenges that companies face when using artificial intelligence (AI) in the process of talent selection. The paper presents the evolution of human resources as an organizational function through three stages: personnel services, human resource management, and talent management. The concepts of talent and talent management, their importance, key success factors, and their connection with artificial intelligence are defined. Secondary data were used by analyzing recent scientific articles in the field of talent management from various academic sources to establish a theoretical foundation for defining talent and talent management. Literature sources included academic articles published in databases such as Google Scholar, Springer, Emerald, JSTOR, Taylor & Francis, and Wiley, among others. Companies face numerous challenges in the 21st century regarding talent management, and the use of artificial intelligence can help overcome these challenges, as applying AI has the potential to optimize human resource operations and improve overall workforce management.