Tailored surface modification of cellulose nanofibers enables enhanced co-adsorption of nanoplastics and mercury ions

A bifunctional cellulose membrane achieves simultaneous efficient adsorption of nanoplastics and Hg ²⁺ via a synergistic bridging mechanism, where Hg ²⁺ induces layered stacking of NPs and NPs serve as a platform to promote Hg ²⁺ adsorption.