System analysis of modern approaches and ways of developing the organization of tool-making

The article presents a systematic analysis of modern methodological and organizational-technical approaches to the organization of the tooling system of machine-building enterprises in an unstable external environment. Based on the generalization of classical theoretical works and the latest scientific publications, four main trends in the evolution of the tooling system management have been identified and described in detail: system integration covering all stages of the tooling life cycle; digital transformation that brings planning and control into real-time mode; adaptation of lean production tools to the specifics of tooling services; structural restructuring aimed at creating vertically integrated centralized systems in response to import substitution challenges. A comparative analysis of the advantages and limitations of each approach was conducted, and a number of significant contradictions in the current literature were identified, including a gap between theoretical models and practical applications.