Syringin‐Loaded BSA Hydrogel Attenuates TPA‐Induced Ear Pinna Inflammation

ABSTRACT

Topical drug delivery systems, particularly hydrogels, offer a practical approach for managing inflammation by delivering bioactive compounds. Syringin, a phytochemical from Tinospora cordifolia , is recognized for its potent anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study reports the development of a syringin‐loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) hydrogel and its efficacy against TPA‐induced ear pinna inflammation in golden hamsters. Rheological analysis confirmed a stable viscoelastic network, FTIR verified successful syringin encapsulation, and SEM revealed a porous structure suitable for controlled release. Biocompatibility using HEK293 cells demonstrated high viability and non‐cytotoxicity. In vivo, anti‐inflammatory effects were assessed through ear edema reduction and modulation of cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α). Histology showed reduced structural damage and improved tissue integrity. The hydrogel significantly decreased edema, enhanced antioxidant activity, and lowered cytokine levels. Western blot analysis confirmed downregulation of NF‐κB and COX‐2 expression, supporting its anti‐inflammatory action. Histological findings further corroborated reduced edema and epidermal thickening. Overall, the syringin‐loaded BSA hydrogel shows potential as a biocompatible and effective formulation for alleviating TPA‐induced inflammation.