Sustained Self‐Powered Real‐Time Vibration Monitoring Through Integrated Nonlinear Harvesting and Energy‐Aware Wireless Sensing

ABSTRACT

Continuous high‐frequency data acquisition is critical for advanced structural monitoring and data‐driven systems, yet remains limited by the insufficient energy budget of self‐powered sensing. Existing solutions are largely confined to intermittent operation or low sampling rates, as sustained high‐throughput sensing imposes prohibitive power demands. In this paper, we propose a full‐stack self‐powered sensing framework that overcomes this barrier via a synergistic electromechanical–circuit–sensing co‐design. The system integrates a quasi‐zero‐stiffness (QZS) piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) for efficient weak‐excitation energy harvesting, a synchronous electric charge extraction (SECE) interface for impedance‐decoupled energy extraction, and an energy‐aware sensing module for efficient high‐frequency operation. This integrated architecture enables sustained real‐time waveform acquisition at a continuous sampling rate of approximately 48 Sa/s, achieving an unprecedented level of continuous high‐frequency sensing compared to existing self‐powered systems and far exceeding the limitations of intermittent operation. The system can operate using energy harvested from a single piezoelectric transducer, while maintaining stable performance over a frequency range of 6–8 Hz at a low excitation level of 0.14 g. By transforming self‐powered sensing from discrete, low‐rate measurements to continuous real‐time monitoring, this work establishes a new paradigm for fully energy‐autonomous sensing and lays the foundation for scalable, infrastructure‐level deployment of intelligent monitoring systems.