Sustainable urban agriculture: Adoption and impact of organic farming practices on vegetable production in Ghana

Abstract

Organic farming is promoted as a sustainable approach to improving vegetable production while enhancing soil health and reducing chemical inputs. However, adoption remains uneven among urban vegetable farmers in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana, with many implementing only select practices. This study examines adoption patterns and the impact of organic farming using cross‐sectional data from 179 farmers, collected through a multistage sampling technique and structured questionnaires. A Cragg's double hurdle model and a multivalued inverse probability weighted regression adjustment treatment framework were employed for analysis. Results indicate that while farmers recognize the environmental and health benefits of organic farming (index = 0.90), they are indifferent to its overall sustainability (index = 0.46) and perceive its yield and profitability as low (index = 0.24). Perceptions of higher yield and profitability positively influence adoption, as does household size, whereas farm size is negatively associated with adoption. The intensity of adoption increases with input availability and perceived technical feasibility but declines among male farmers. Household size, off‐farm activities, credit access, and extension services also positively impact adoption rates. Impact analysis reveals that organic farming is less profitable than inorganic and integrated organic–inorganic farming systems. Given this, promoting integrated systems is recommended as they enhance both profitability and sustainability. Expanding organic input availability and providing technical support and training can further improve adoption.