Sustainable One‐Pot Synthesis of Curcumin‐Based 4H‐Pyran‐3‐Carbonitrile Derivatives Using Recyclable Guanidine Hydrochloride

ABSTRACT

An efficient and ecologically benign protocol of synthesizing curcumin‐based 4H‐pyran‐3‐carbonitrile derivatives has been designed using a one‐pot synthesis of curcumin, substituted aldehydes, and malononitrile in the presence of absolute ethanol and guanidine hydrochloride as a recyclable catalyst. The current methodology avoids the use of hazardous solvents and eliminates the need for chromatographic purification, providing high yields with low energy input. The protocol has been evaluated in terms of environmental performance and waste utilization using E‐factor of 0.065, high eco‐scale (94.5), excellent atom economy (96.77%), and process mass intensity (PMI) of 1.03.