Sustainable, Efficient and One-Pot Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazolidine-3-Thiones Using Sodium Hypochlorite as a Catalyst
Roopali T. Biradar, Yatin U. Gadkari, Mayuri B. Thorat, Prashant KurkuteIntroduction:
The present study aims to develop a simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazolidine-3-thione derivatives using sodium hypochlorite as a catalyst under aqueous conditions. The objective is to provide a sustainable alternative to existing methods that often require harsh conditions or expensive catalysts
Methods:
Thiosemicarbazide was reacted with different aldehyde derivatives in water in the presence of 10 mol% aqueous sodium hypochlorite at room temperature to produce a one-pot reaction. TLC was used to monitor the progress of the reaction, and the products were isolated by simple filtration and purified via recrystallization. Catalyst loading and solvent were optimized
Results:
The optimized reaction conditions afforded excellent yields (up to 95%) within a short reaction time (15–20 minutes). Water was found to be the best solvent. The method showed broad substrate scope with yields ranging from 80–97%. Green metrics evaluation indicated a low E-factor (0.11), high Eco-scale score (95.5), and favorable PMI (1.2477), confirming the environmental sustainability of the process.
Discussion:
The protocol that has been developed offers several benefits, such as mild reaction conditions, shorter reaction times, high efficiency, and low amounts of waste produced. Sodium hypochlorite is an inexpensive and highly environmentally friendly catalyst that increases the feasibility and green chemistry platform of the technique compared to other previously known methods.
Conclusion:
In this work, a sustainable, efficient, and scalable synthesis of 1, 2, 4- triazolidine-3-thione derivatives has been described. The protocol provides good yields, simplicity of operations, and high green chemistry profiles, and so it is a useful method in the synthesis of biologically important heterocycles.