Sustainable digital assets? Evidence on green cryptocurrencies from a bibliometric analysis and systematic review
Md Sharif Hassan, Christophe Schinckus, Mai Hong Nguyen, Nor Shaipah Abdul WahabPurpose
The study examines whether green cryptocurrencies merit their environmental label by combining a bibliometric map (2017–2025; 200 Scopus-indexed publications) with a targeted systematic review of the most impactful studies.
Design/methodology/approach
Science mapping using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer reveals four persistent clusters: (1) Bitcoin-anchored benchmarks for energy use and market behaviour; (2) protocol design focused on Ethereum's Proof-of-Stake and efficiency; (3) linkages between digital assets and ESG finance; and (4) a cross-cutting sustainability hub.
Findings
Findings underscore the necessity of lifecycle-based environmental metrics and auditable energy or emissions disclosures so that financial evidence aligns with ecological outcomes. A harmonised taxonomy and protocol-level reporting framework are proposed as prerequisites for credible environmental accountability, robust portfolio assessment and effective policy design in sustainable digital finance.
Originality/value
The paper provides a holistic assessment of the emerging field “green crypto-currencies” with concrete implications/suggestions for scholars, policy-makers and investors.