DOI: 10.1039/d6gc04168j ISSN: 1463-9262

Sustainability assessment of cold chain-free biopharmaceuticals: life-cycle trade-offs, green chemistry challenges, and future directions

Qiang Zhu, Yanyan Yu, Tianqing Liu, Yongmei Zhao

Cold chain-free biopharmaceuticals may improve access and reduce refrigeration dependence and wastage, but their environmental superiority remains uncertain. Cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment is essential to identify hidden burdens.

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