Surgical site infection and antimicrobial prophylaxis prescribing pattern, and its determinants among hospitalized patients in northeast ethiopia: a hospital based cross‐sectional study

Abstract

The inappropriate use of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis is a common cause for increased risk of morbidity and mortality from surgical site infection in patients who underwent surgical procedures. The study aimed to evaluate surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis prescribing patterns, Surgical Site Infection (SSI), and its determinants in the surgical ward of Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, northeast Ethiopia. A prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted from October 1st, 2022 to January 31st, 2023. clinical data collected from patient medical record cards and sociodemographic data from patient interviews were entered and analyzed using SPSS V26.0. The determinants of surgical site infection were determined from the multivariate logistic regression. P‐value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Ceftriaxone (70.5%) followed by a combination of ceftriaxone with metronidazole (21.90 %) was the most frequently used prophylactic antibiotic. One hundred fifty‐nine (78%) of patients were exposed to inappropriately used prophylactic antimicrobials and 62.2% of these were exposed to inappropriately selected antibiotics. One hundred twenty‐six (61.9%) patients developed Surgical Site Infection (SSI). Duration of procedure longer than an hour, Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) = 3.39 (95% CI: 1.24‐9.30) and inappropriate use of antimicrobial prophylaxis, AOR = 6.67 (95% CI: 1.05‐42.49) were the independent predictors for the occurrence of surgical site infections. The high rate of SSI requires due attention from clinicians as well as health policymakers. Duration of surgical procedure greater than an hour and inappropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis use was the independent predictor of surgical site infections.

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