Study Progress on Pseudomonas plecoglossicida—Virulence Factors, Prevention and Control Methods, and Interaction with Host

Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen in aquaculture that infects several economically important fish species, including large yellow croaker, orange-spotted grouper and yellow drum. Due to its high incidence and mortality rates, visceral white spot disease (VWND) caused by P. plecoglossicida has become a major bacterial disease threatening the sustainable development of aquaculture and has caused huge economic losses worldwide. Owing to tremendous technological advances, such as dual RNA-seq, our understanding of P. plecoglossicida pathogenesis and associated host defense mechanisms has been greatly enhanced. Nevertheless, many pathogenecity-related mechanisms of P. plecoglossicida remain uncovered, including the functions of various unannotated bacterial virulence factors. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new theoretical and practical approaches to address the challenges of P. plecoglossicida. In this review, we summarize the current research advances in the virulence factors, prevention and control strategies, and host–pathogen interactions of this microbial pathogen. This review will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of P. plecoglossicida and provide new insights and strategies for its prevention and control.