Study of urban reservoirs in the conditions of modern urbanization

The article is devoted to the study of the ecological state of urban reservoirs (Yuzhny Pond and the Flooded School quarry) in the conditions of modern urbanization using the example of the city of Tyumen. The paper examines the key problems associated with water pollution and suggests measures to address them. The influence of anthropogenic factors, such as uncontrolled construction, lack of effective drainage systems and an increase in domestic and industrial wastewater, on water quality in urban reservoirs is considered. The article presents the results of monitoring the chemical composition of water and the physical characteristics of water bodies. The conducted studies have shown that in the water samples of the Yuzhny pond, an excess of the maximum permissible concentration for chemical oxygen consumption was recorded by 2.1 times. Water samples from the flooded School quarry showed an excess of the maximum permissible concentration for two substances HPK and BPK5 by 1.95 and 1.5 times, respectively. Data analysis revealed that urban reservoirs are characterized as moderately polluted and polluted, which is confirmed by calculations of the water pollution index. The study also includes an analysis of the flora of water bodies, which makes it possible to assess the biodiversity and ecological state of the ecosystem. Visual inspection of water bodies showed a variety of vegetation, represented by three main formations: woody-shrubby, herbaceous (including ruderal species) and aquatic. The coastal ecosystem of reservoirs includes 9 types of woody and shrubby vegetation. The analysis showed that most of the species are mesophytes and mesotrophs, which indicates their adaptability to conditions with moderate moisture and nutrition. Life forms are represented by trees (tier classes D1-D2) and shrubs (tier class K1). The coefficient of floral similarity of Jacquard (KJ) of ruderal vegetation on 2 objects is equal to 0.53, aquatic vegetation – 0.72. The Southern pond and the flooded School quarry have the greatest similarity in terms of aquatic vegetation. According to calculations, it tends to unity. Timely and accurate determination of the level of water pollution directly depends on the current monitoring system.