STUDY OF REGULARITIES OF FORMATION OF THE PLANNING STRUCTURE OF COASTAL CITIES IN THE SOUTHERN RUSSIA WITH COMPLEX OROGRAPHIC CONDITIONS

Seaside towns have a strong recreational potential, however, the difficult orographic conditions of the territories complicate the possibilities of their development. The powerful urbanization of the coastal landscape affects the comfort of the environment and the wellness effectiveness of seaside resorts. This study examines the issues of development and formation of the planning structure of the cities of the Black Sea coast with complex orographic conditions in time and space. Special attention is paid to the issues of rational nature management of territories with valuable spa potential. The cities in which the historical layout in the structure of urban education has been preserved are considered as the object of research. Such cities include Kerch, Anapa, Gelendzhik, Sochi, Derbent. These cities are located in the coastal part of the territory of the Black Sea and the Caspian coast of the Caucasus. In the course of the study, the main time stages of the development of coastal territories and the principles of their planning organization were identified, depending on the forms of relief. The development of urban formations was largely determined by the location of the first trading post cities that appeared as a result of the wars of conquest on the coast. In modern conditions, it is important to review the functional content of the territories of seaside towns, taking into account the orographic conditions of the territory, in connection with the trends of the revival of the historical and cultural heritage of places.