Study of mallow from the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources collection in Central Yakutia

The article presents the results of a study of mallow accessions from the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) collection to identify sources and donors of economically valuable traits for further breeding work in Central Yakutia. The studies were conducted in the Prilensky agrolandscape on the first floodplain terrace of the Lena River, in the Khangalassky ulus of Central Yakutia. The collection nursery was established on plot No. 5 of the Pokrovsky division of the Yakutsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture during the 2024 and 2025 growing seasons. The years of study differed significantly in moisture and heat supply. In 2024, the HTC = 0.30, in 2025, the HTC = 0.70. Thirteen mallow accessions of various ecological and geographical origins from the VIR genetic collection were studied. Phenological observations, plant height measurements, and green mass and seed yields were conducted. These phenological observations revealed that all mallow varieties can thrive in Central Yakutia, undergoing all vegetation phases, and producing seed. The following plants were isolated and selected for further breeding work based on plant height: whorled mallow k-50381 (123.0 sm), hybrid mallow k-50982 (104.8 sm) and k-50382 (104.8 cm) and pulchela mallow k-50384 (103.9 sm), and green mass yield: k-50381 whorled mallow with an indicator of 270 g/plant (exceeding 146%), k-51699 local whorled mallow - 158.3 g/plant. (exceeding 44%), hybrid mallow k-50984 - 147.2 g/plant, (exceeding 34%), in terms of seed yield, hybrid mallow k-50982 (6.1 g/plant) and curly mallow k-33084 from China (5.8 g/plant).