Structural, Magnetic, and Cytotoxic Properties of PEG Functionalized Yttrium–Doped Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles

ABSTRACT

In view of their permanent magnetic behavior and biocompatibility, nano ferrites are widely used as a major material in biomedical applications, particularly in the treatment of magnetic hyperthermia. One can explore the effectiveness of nano ferrites by utilizing dopant materials, biocompatible overlay, and preparation techniques. The Hydrothermal technique was used to synthesize the hard ferrite (CoFe2O4), composite ferrite Y ³⁺ doped CoFe2O4, and polyethylene glycol‐coated Y ³⁺ doped CoFe2O4. Phase formation was identified by X‐ray diffraction analysis. It was determined that the samples' cubic structures were confirmed. The occurrence of functional groups and the effective synthesis of ferrites were verified using the FTIR spectroscopic data for the samples. SEM analysis of the synthesized samples verified the existence of overlapping spherical particles, and elemental mapping was carried out using EDS. Vibrating Sample Magnetometry was utilized to analyze the samples' saturation magnetization (Ms), coercivity (Hc), and remnant magnetization (Mr). To examine the cytotoxicity of the samples C1, C2, and C3, an in vitro cytotoxicity experiment was performed using the cell line NIH 3T3 (Fibroblast cells). Therefore, the primary emphasis of this article is a preliminary analysis of the magnetic materials employing dopants. Consequently, this study intends to determine the constraints of ferrite nanoparticles in medical therapies and propose enhanced ferrite‐based nanocomposites to increase their effectiveness in biological applications.