Structural impact of the material performance factor on maximum allowable design pressure in hydrogen industrial piping: A comparative analysis of ASME B31.12 and ASME B31.3

Abstract

With the Earth's temperature steadily rising due to carbon dioxide emissions, transitioning to alternative energy sources like hydrogen is imperative. However, the safe and efficient transport of hydrogen poses significant challenges, particularly regarding structural design and compliance with regulatory codes. This study evaluates the structural performance of carbon steel piping systems for hydrogen transport, comparing the ASME B31.12 and ASME B31.3 design codes. Using the Allowable Stress Design, maximum allowable pressures (MAP) were analyzed across various piping configurations, with emphasis on the penalties imposed by the material performance factor (Mf) in ASME B31.12 to address hydrogen embrittlement. The results underscore the superior performance of certain materials in resisting pressure penalties, especially those with higher efficiency under hydrogen service conditions. Additionally, the analysis revealed a significant discrepancy in allowable pressures between the two codes, particularly in small-diameter pipes, where the effects of Mf are most pronounced. These findings emphasize the trade-offs between safety, structural performance, and cost-effectiveness in hydrogen piping design, providing a robust foundation for advancing sustainable hydrogen energy systems.