Structural exclusion and transgender ageing: a conceptual framework for promoting inclusive ageing systems
Rojarani Kanithi, Deepika PanditaPurpose
The purpose of this paper is to formulate a conceptual framework to understand the role of cumulative structural exclusion of transgender older adults and discuss the ways to create inclusive ageing systems.
Design/methodology/approach
The research is based on the integrative review approach. Based on life-course theory and minority stress theory, the paper reviews interdisciplinary literature in the field of gerontology, public health and social policy to develop a theoretically based conceptual framework of structural exclusion, psychosocial mediators and subsequent outcomes later in life.
Findings
According to the review, structural exclusion (family rejection, discrimination in the labour market, inequities in healthcare and policy invisibility) accumulates throughout the life course and conditions the effects of ageing through psychosocial mediators such as psychological distress, social isolation, internalised stigma and healthcare avoidance. Inclusive policies, gender affirmative healthcare and community support networks might promote resilience.
Practical implications
The evidence demonstrates that multi-level interventions, such as inclusive ageing policies, culturally competent geriatric care and identification of various forms of support networks, are necessary.
Originality/value
The minority stress lens allows this paper to contribute to the overall understanding of gender disparity in ageing. By providing a more thorough, inclusive ageing system for transgender ageing. The framework forms the basis of any empirical study to be carried out in future, the policy and practice to promote inclusive ageing systems.