Structural Characterization of LDP-1, a Polysaccharide from Lyophyllum decastes , and Its Protective Effects against PEDV-Induced Intestinal Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo
Wen Zhao, Yuheng Wei, Changhua Lin, Shuo Zhao, Xianhua Wu, Baojiang Lin, Tingjun Hu, Ying HeAbstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection causes severe intestinal inflammation and barrier injury in piglets. In this study, a purified polysaccharide fraction, Lyophyllum decastes polysaccharide-1 (LDP-1), was isolated and structurally characterized, and its protective effects against PEDV-induced intestinal injury were evaluated in IPEC-J2 cells and piglets. LDP-1 predominantly comprised glucose and exhibited a peak molecular weight of 30.56 kDa, with an α-(1→4)-glucan backbone. In vitro, LDP-1, particularly under pretreatment and whole-process treatment, attenuated PEDV-induced inflammatory cytokine expression. In vivo, LDP-1 pretreatment reduced diarrhea, alleviated intestinal pathological injury, and partially restored villus–crypt morphology. LDP-1 also decreased intestinal interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression and restored zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Claudin-1, and Occludin expression. These findings indicate that LDP-1 protects against PEDV-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier injury and may serve as a potential natural protective agent.