Structural and Thermal Characterization of Chitosan/PVA/Vitamin Matrices and their Histological Impact on Cell Proliferation and Tissue Remodeling in Wound Healing

The healing of wounds is one of the complex biological processes, which involves appropriate coordination of cellular and molecular reactions and the production of innovative biomaterials turned out to be the prerequisite to enhance the efficiency of the healing process. The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate a Vitamin A-loaded chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) biodegradable composite film for potential wound-healing applications. The composite films were fabricated by means of the 98: 2 CS/PVA mixture with various concentration of vitamin. A physicochemical characterization was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) Immunohistochemical mouse wound evaluation of Ki-67 expression and statistical analysis were used to evaluate the performance of the biological aspect in a mouse wound model. It was revealed that incorporation of vitamin A increased the intermolecular interactions without affecting chemical structure of the composite. Thermal testing showed that it became more stable and had lesser degradation, mechanical testing showed that the higher the vitamin A concentration the higher the stiffness and tensile strength. Biologically, it was found that the group that was treated to chitosan/vitamin A had increased epithelial proliferation, decreased inflammation, and faster wound healing. There was a high early increase and a controlled decrease of Ki-67 expression and this demonstrates an effective transition between the proliferative and the remodeling stage. To sum up, vitamin A-impregnated CS/PVA composite had better Structural and Thermal Characterization, which proved its usefulness and potential to be a success and promising biomaterial in wound healing applications.