Stromal Vascular Fraction as a Regenerative Therapeutic for Temporomandibular Joint Healing: An in Vitro Cytocompatibility Study
Suman J. Lakshmi, Priyanka SrivastavaAbstract
Background:
Deterioration of subchondral bone and articular cartilage is distinctive of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Standard practices manage symptoms without regrowing tissue. Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (AD-SVF) is an emerging biomaterial, and hyaluronic acid (HA) can function as a viscoelastic substrate.
Objective:
To assess the cytotoxicity of these biomaterials using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
Methods:
Non-enzymatic method was utilized to extract acellular stromal vascular fraction (aSVF) from rabbit adipose tissue. Under aseptic conditions, 1% plant-derived HA and aSVF + HA formulation were synthesized. Viability of human gingival fibroblast cells was analyzed by the MTT assay in triplicate (n = 3 independent measurements per concentration) after exposure to aSVF, HA, and aSVF + HA (100 – 1000 μg/ml).
Results:
aSVF exhibited the highest viability, from 102.47 ± 0.90% at 100 μg/ml to 65.11 ± 2.40% at 1000 μg/ml. HA ranged from 93.82 ± 1.04% to 55.34 ± 1.01%, and aSVF + HA from 91.67 ± 1.28% to 48.22 ± 1.18%. Up to 600 μg/ml, aSVF was biocompatible and up to 400 μg/ml, HA and aSVF + HA were biocompatible (one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni
Conclusion:
aSVF displayed the highest biocompatibility. Combined formulation manifested reduced viability at higher concentrations yet maintained compatibility within the therapeutic range.