Storage‐Assisted Time‐Matched Green Electricity Fulfilment and Carbon Benefit Allocation for Industrial Users

ABSTRACT

Green electricity procurement is shifting from aggregate volume‐based accounting toward time‐matched fulfilment, requiring contracted renewable generation and user demand to align within specified settlement intervals. This improves the credibility of green electricity claims but exposes industrial users to renewable–load mismatch. This paper develops a storage‐assisted framework linking time‐matched fulfilment, carbon accounting and benefit allocation. Direct fulfilment is limited to simultaneous renewable generation and demand, while storage‐assisted fulfilment shifts only previously surplus contracted green electricity with traceable attributes to later shortage periods. A green‐attribute‐constrained storage model prevents double counting and is integrated with market clearing and carbon‐flow tracing to quantify residual grid‐supplied demand and user‐level indirect emissions. A counterfactual marginal‐contribution mechanism, adjusted by fulfilment‐quality indicators, allocates regional carbon benefits according to verified carbon reduction and temporal matching performance. Case studies show that stricter matching reduces claimable green electricity but strengthens accounting credibility. Storage increases the hourly fulfilment rate from 53.2% to 69.1%, while industrial‐load analysis reveals heterogeneous natural matching and storage value across users. The framework provides an analytical basis for credible procurement, differentiated storage deployment and incentive‐compatible carbon benefit allocation.