Steering Structural Reconstruction in CO2 Electroreduction Catalysts

Abstract

Structural reconstruction of electrocatalysts during the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a critical yet complex dynamic process that profoundly influences catalytic performance. It governs the creation, transformation, and degradation of active sites, thereby presenting both challenges and opportunities for advancing catalyst design. This review summarizes the key factors driving the reconstruction of CO2RR catalysts, followed by an overview of recent progress in understanding the reconstruction behaviors and mechanisms across diverse CO2RR catalysts, with particular emphasis on their “double-edged sword” effect. Recent advances in steering catalyst reconstruction through either suppressing detrimental structural evolution or directing beneficial reconstruction toward target active states are then highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future research directions are discussed. This review aims to provide mechanistic insights and design principles for steering catalyst reconstruction, offering guidance for the rational development of high-performance CO2RR electrocatalysts.