Stakeholder perception on the implementation and effectiveness of front-of-pack labelling on processed foods and beverages: a qualitative study in Peru
Gabriela V. Proaño, Mayra Meza-Hernández, Kiomi Yabiku-Soto, Lorena Saavedra-Garcia, Jean Hannan, Cristina PalaciosAbstract
Objective:
In response to rising obesity rates in Peru, front-of-pack labelling (FOPL) for processed foods and beverages was implemented in 2019 as part of Law No. 30 021, with the final phase implemented in 2021, to promote healthier consumer choices. However, policy evaluations investigating implementation and effectiveness are limited. Thus, this study aimed to determine stakeholders’ perceptions of the implementation of the FOPL final phase in Peru.
Design:
Using the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, semi-structured interviews with stakeholders were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis.
Setting:
Hybrid in-person and virtual interviews took place between February and March 2025.
Participants:
Stakeholders from government, civil society, academia and industry were eligible to participate if involved in FOPL implementation or evaluation in Peru.
Results:
A total of twenty stakeholder interviews were conducted, and four themes were developed. Firstly, stakeholders reported that FOPL reach remained constrained by certain products and locations despite the national law. Secondly, while comprehensive impact evaluations should be prioritised, a lack of complete implementation of Law No. 30021 can impact FOPL effectiveness. Stakeholders emphasised that poor acceptance and unsupportive environments can impede effective FOPL implementation (e.g. industry/political resistance, inadequate FOPL monitoring, poor consumer knowledge and healthier alternatives). Finally, healthier environments to support effective obesity prevention were emphasised, with additional FOPL education, research, and regulation updates necessary to support sustainability.
Conclusions:
Perceptions among stakeholders centred on prioritising future FOPL evaluation and education and on ensuring adequate resources are allocated to ensure that FOPL is properly implemented within supportive environments.