Some aspects of conservative and surgical treatment of echinococcosis of the liver and abdominal organs

Objective: To analyze conservative and surgical methods for treating echinococcosis of the liver and abdominal organs, optimize indications for surgery, develop protocols for bed treatment, and evaluate the effectiveness of available germicides. Materials and Methods: This literature review summarizes publications by Russian and international researchers from 2016 to 2024 on one of the key topics in modern abdominal surgery: echinococcosis of the liver and other abdominal organs. Particular attention is paid to controversial aspects of surgical treatment tactics and technology for liver damage. Results: Alongside traditional surgical treatments for liver echinococcosis, endovideosurgical and other minimally invasive approaches continue to develop rapidly. However, no consistent trend toward a reduction in recurrence rates has been observed. To improve short- and long-term outcomes, puncture and puncture-drainage techniques, percutaneous interventions, and laparoscopic technologies have been actively implemented, which are particularly important for severe forms of parasitic pathology. The limited success rate is attributed to the lack of a generally accepted algorithm for selecting a surgical procedure that takes into account key process characteristics: cyst size and topography, fibrous capsule thickness, and parasite morphological features. Further complications are created by the variability of cyst bed treatment techniques and the extremely limited range of truly effective germicidal solutions. All of this contributes to the heterogeneity of treatment practices and hinders standardization. Conclusion: The spectrum of conservative and surgical approaches to treating echinococcosis of the liver and abdominal organs covers the entire spectrum, from minimally invasive interventions to traditional surgeries. However, a need has been identified for the development of unified diagnostic and surgical standards. Further research, refinement of existing approaches, and personalization of treatment decisions are needed.