Solitary Waves of Moderate Amplitude and Dispersive Radiation in the Serre Equations: The Extended KdV–Whitham Approximation

ABSTRACT

We consider the extended Korteweg–de Vries (eKdV) equation as a model for long moderately nonlinear surface water waves and use it to describe the evolution of initial conditions generating solitary waves with and without significant dispersive radiation, as well as cases of pure dispersive radiation without any solitary waves. In the slow time formulation for the modeled solutions, this equation also generates fast propagating resonant forward radiation due to the non‐convexity of its linear dispersion curve, which is not present in the direct numerical simulations of the strongly nonlinear Serre parent system (also known as the Su–Gardner and Green–Naghdi equations). We show that the extended KdV–Whitham approximation and the slow space formulation of the eKdV equation are suitable regularizations of the eKdV equation in several cases of interest. Importantly, unlike the KdV‐type equations, it can be used to model waves of moderate amplitude. Numerical comparisons are made between the Serre system and several respective reduced models, where simulations are initiated with an approximate soliton solution of the eKdV equation, constructed by use of Kodama–Fokas–Liu near‐identity transformation to the KdV equation, as well as a generic localized initial condition.