DOI: 10.46298/cst.12093 ISSN:
Social Inequality and Driving Risks. Contribution of a Geographical Approach
Dominique Fleury, Jean-Francois Peytavin, Thomas Alam, Sylvanie Godillon, Thierry Saint-Gérand, Mohand Medjkane, Marine Millot The objective of this research is to study the relationship between social disparities and levels of road safety. This disparity is viewed through its geographical dimension, i.e. belonging to a particular space. The research covered the territory of the Lille Urban Community (LMCU). The choice of neighbourhoods was made by selecting 5 sensitive urban areas. These study fields have different characteristics: size, city centre/periphery, old housing/housing estates, etc. These areas are compared with contiguous control areas whose populations have more privileged socioeconomic characteristics. A geographical analysis system was developed in a partnership with LMCU services to spatialize data from national and local censuses. Access to police reports from the Nord department makes it possible to analyse the accidents. Those involving the inhabitants of the study areas were selected and then spatialized and encoded. The comparison established between the sensitive urban areas and the control areas enables us to conclude that there is an adjusted relative risk of 1.363. The analyses are expanded by comparing the methods of transportation involved, the socioeconomic characteristics of the inhabitants and their professions.
L'objectif de cette recherche est d'interroger le rapport entre le niveau de l'insécurité routière et la disparité sociale. La disparité est appréhendée par sa dimension territoriale, c'est-à-dire par l'appartenance à un espace socialement marqué. La recherche a porté sur le territoire de la Communauté Urbaine de Lille (LMCU). Le choix des quartiers a été fait en sélectionnant 5 zones urbaines sensibles. Ces terrains d'études ont des caractéristiques différentes : taille, centre-ville / périphérie, habitat ancien / grands ensembles... Ces zones sont comparées à des zones de contrôle contiguës mais dont la population présente des caractéristiques socioéconomiques plus favorisées. Un système coopératif d'analyse géographique a été développé, en partenariat avec la LMCU permettant de spatialiser les données issues de recensements nationaux et locaux. L'accès aux procès-verbaux d'accident du département du Nord permet l'analyse des accidents. Ceux impliquant les habitants des zones étudiées ont été sélectionnés, puis spatialisés et codés. La comparaison établie entre Zus et zones de contrôle permet de conclure à un risque relatif ajusté de 1,363. Les analyses sont prolongées par des comparaisons de modes de transports impliqués, les caractéristiques socioéconomiques des habitants et les professions.
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