Smartification of punishment: AI, criminal justice and the future of carceral communication

This article critically examines the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the criminal justice system, which is praised for its potential to increase operational efficiency, provide rehabilitative services, reduce recidivism and improve communication with(in) the prison context. However, critics highlight significant human rights concerns in smart prisons, noting that AI-driven technologies amplify carceral surveillance, invade privacy and perpetuate biased profiling, exacerbating the psychological, mental and physical conditions of both prisoners and their communities. Drawing on emerging literature, global trends and practical examples, the article investigates how AI gradually changes the dynamics of both carceral communication and the future of penal justice at large.