Shifts in Mucosa‐Associated Microbiota Reflect Inflammation Gradient in Postoperative Crohn's Disease

ABSTRACT

Emerging evidence suggests that mucosa‐associated microbiota play an important role in postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence after ileocecal resection, with bacterial and fungal communities shifting across disease trajectory. This Y‐ECCO literature review discusses these changes across the Rutgeerts inflammatory spectrum, supporting the view that disease recurrence reflects a dynamic process of microbial restructuring rather than a single dysbiotic state. These findings suggest integrative approaches combining microbial, clinical, and host factors to improve prediction and prevention of postoperative disease recurrence.