Shielded High-Speed Permanent Magnet Motor Rotor Structural Design and Dynamic Evaluation

High-speed permanent magnet motors, due to their high speed, compact size, and light weight, are increasingly widely used in renewable energy systems, electric pump drives, fuel cell air compressors, and other fields. As a core component of high-speed permanent magnet motors, the reasonable design of the rotor system structure directly affects motor stability. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of high-speed permanent magnet motors, this paper designs the structure of a certain type of high-speed electric pump rotor. First, the actual interference amount between the rotor permanent magnet and the high-temperature alloy sleeve under high-speed and high-temperature conditions is considered, and radial and tangential stress analyses are performed on both the rotor and high-temperature alloy sleeve to determine the optimal interference amount. Second, based on rotor dynamics and fluid–structure coupling theory, the natural frequency and critical speed of rotors under wet and dry modals are studied; on this basis, harmonic response analysis and fatigue assessment were conducted; furthermore, an elastoplastic mechanical model of the rotor sleeve is introduced to analyze the effects of interference amount and rotational speed on the sleeve’s yield failure; finally, the dynamic safety of the high-speed rotor structure is verified through modal tests and overspeed operation tests. The results show that the optimal interference amount for the rotor is 0.02 mm; the first-order critical speeds in both dry and wet modals are well above the rated speed of 40,000 rpm, with no risk of resonance; the minimum cycle for fatigue life is 6.9 × 105, meeting usage requirements; the equivalent force on the rotor sleeve increases with speed and interference amount; when the speed exceeds 44,000 rpm, the sleeve undergoes plastic deformation and failure; modal test error is less than 5%. This paper provides theoretical basis and experimental support for the rotor structure design and strength evaluation of high-speed permanent magnet motor drive equipment.