Serum Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Relation to Cardiac Remodeling and Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Adults
Lala Mila Avinda, Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu, Hendri Susilo, Daphne Cheryl Marvella, Platon S. PapageorgiouIntroduction:
Cardiac remodeling is significantly influenced by hypertension, but the relationship between circulating profibrotic biomarkers and structural cardiac changes in adult hypertensive patients remains insufficiently understood. Studies simultaneously evaluating serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) together with clinical, metabolic, and echocardiographic parameters are still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between TGF-β1 and CTGF serum levels with clinical parameters, lipid profiles, and cardiac remodeling in adult hypertensive patients.
Methods:
A cross-sectional investigation was carried out on a total of 61 adult hypertensive patients. Clinical data, lipid profiles, and echocardiographic parameters were collected. Subsequently, serum TGF-β1 and CTGF levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using parametric or nonparametric tests according to data distribution, along with correlation analysis and group comparison tests.
Results:
The results showed that serum TGF-β1 demonstrated significant positive correlations with CTGF (
Conclusions:
Circulating profibrotic biomarkers are associated with both structural and metabolic aspects of cardiac remodeling in hypertension and may have the potential value for the early identification of cardiovascular target organ damage.