Sequentially Self-Assembled Supramolecular Nanocomplexes Enable Systemic Cas9 RNP Delivery and In Vivo Tumor Genome Editing

Abstract

In vivo genome editing utilizing Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) holds substantial therapeutic promise, yet rapid bloodstream clearance and degradation of RNPs have hindered its accumulation within the target site and effective gene editing. Herein, we report a supramolecular ternary complex platform where RNPs are co-assembled with tannic acid (TA) and phenylboronic acid (PBA)-conjugated polymers through sequential self-assembly. This ∼30 nm core–shell structure protects RNPs from enzymatic degradation and dissociates selectively at endosomal pH. Upon intravenous administration in subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice, the ternary complex exhibits prolonged blood circulation and preferential tumor accumulation, achieving 37.2% gene editing at tumor sites compared with only 1.5% for free RNPs. The platform successfully disrupts PLK1 in subcutaneous tumors, accompanied by significant tumor growth suppression. This is further applied to a KRASG13D-mutant tumor model, in which treatment delayed tumor growth. By integrating sequential supramolecular self-assembly with stimuli-responsive cargo release, this strategy presents a promising approach for systemic RNP delivery and tumor genome editing.