Self‐Maintaining Electrode–Skin Interface for Motion‐Robust Biosignal Monitoring

ABSTRACT

The electrode–skin interface presents a fundamental challenge in bioelectronics: maintaining stable electrical contact with tissue that undergoes constant physiological changes. Here we demonstrate a paradigm shift by engineering a self‐sustaining microenvironment at the skin–electrode interface through the integration of Au‐coated fabric electrodes with a humidity‐regulating cooling patch. Our smart electrode‐integrated cooling (SEIC) patch uses evaporative cooling to create a humid microenvironment where water condensation continuously regenerates ionic pathways between skin and electrode. This transforms the interface from a static contact point to a dynamic, self‐renewing electrochemical junction. The SEIC patch exhibits 200‐fold and 10‐fold lower impedances than Au‐coated fabric electrodes and conventional electrodes, respectively; maintains performance through 2000 attachment cycles; enables stable biosignal acquisition for eight days; and preserves signal fidelity under motion. Moreover, the SEIC demonstrates applications in continuous cardiac monitoring during daily life, and real‐time 3D facial animation reconstruction in virtual reality via high‐fidelity capture of facial muscle activity. This work opens new frontiers in preventive medicine and human–computer interaction.