Self-assembled NiO/NiFe ₂ O ₄ dual-phase oxide on nickel foam for selective and stable oxygen evolution in alkaline seawater electrolysis

A binder-free NiO/NiFe ₂ O ₄ anode on Ni foam operates at an overpotential of ca. 302 mV at 100 mA cm ⁻² , achieves ≥99% OER faradaic efficiency, and remains stable for 100 h in alkaline seawater via chloride-rejecting Fe ³⁺ /Ni ²⁺ centers.