SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Pregnancy and Child Neurodevelopment at 18 to 30 Months
Brenna L. Hughes, Rebecca G. Clifton, Torri D. Metz, Lynn Yee, Jessica A. de Voest, Monica Longo, T. Michael O’Shea, Kelly Clark, Gail Mallett, Dwight J. Rouse, Alan T. N. Tita, Kelly S. Gibson, Hector Mendez-Figueroa, Hyagriv N. Simhan, John M. Thorp, Samuel Parry, Mary E. Norton, Uma M. Reddy, Catherine Squire Eppes, Sarah J. Kilpatrick, George R. Saade, , Sarah Hankle, Jeannette Boyce, Francesca Facco, Maura Hohn, Rachel Hines, Lauren Kownacki, Donna Dunn, Amy Leath, Nancy Saxon, Nickel Cofield, Tia Purifoy, Kaylyn Kirsey, Kara McCulloch, Maged M. Costantine, Anna Bartholomew, Baylee Klopfenstein, Caitlyn Rigsby, Mirando Kiefer, Huban Kutay, Amber Sowles, Amanda Nelson, Denise Lamb, Jasmin Valencia Vasquez, Jessica Sharma, Emily McFarland, Rachel Cavaness, Angelica DeMartino, Donna Allard, Elizabeth C. Fletcher, Lisa Beati, Megan Loffredo, Yessenia Gutierrez, Angela Ranzini, Abigail Pierse, Allison Webber, Brittany DeSantis, Felecia Ortiz, Jenifer Treadway, Jessenia Rivas, Maria Liang, Molly Leatherland, Leah Faison, Hailey Phillips, Savannah Hamrick, Autumn Tucker, Inez Dufresne, Elizabeth Rangel, Trista Reynolds, Mercedes Ramos Brinson, Tila Warner-Rosen, Jennifer W. Ferrara, Amee Feager, Emily Long, Christina Pizzi, Natalie Oman, Nuriye Sahin Hodoglugil, Manju Cheenath, Tiffany Lee, Eniola Owoyele, Mounika Gopi, Cyvanah Byrd-Eley, Maria Lara, Sophia De La Rocha, Yamilekx Hernandez-Guzman, Jia Chen, Christina Reed, Grimmsley Paredes, Roja Kambhampati, Brendan Broderick, Katia Barrett, Megan MitchellImportance
Little is known about neurodevelopmental outcomes of children exposed to SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine during pregnancy. Evidence on long-term offspring outcomes after in utero exposure to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination is needed to inform vaccine recommendations in pregnancy.
Objective
To evaluate whether there is an association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during or shortly before pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopmental measures.
Design, Setting, and Participants
This multicenter, prospective, cohort study of 18- to 30-month-old children was conducted at 14 centers of the
Exposures
Maternal receipt of at least 1 dose of an mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine during, or within 30 days prior to, the index pregnancy vs no SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during pregnancy or within 30 days prior.
Main Outcomes and Measures
The primary outcome was Ages and Stages Questionnaire version 3 (ASQ-3) total score, which was deemed to be equivalent between the exposed and unexposed groups if the 90% CI of the median difference was between −10 and 10. Secondary outcomes included domain-specific ASQ-3 scores, the Child Behavior Checklist, Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, and Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire scores.
Results
Of 3956 screened, 271 exposed and 240 unexposed children were enrolled. Matching on all characteristics was possible in 217 pairs. Of the 434 children enrolled, 258 (59.4%) were Non-Hispanic White, 96 (22.1%) Non-Hispanic Black, 52 (12.0%) Hispanic, and 28 (6.5%) were not represented by any of the above racial or ethnic groups. Median age at assessment was 25.8 [24.6 to 28.3] months, 221 were female (50.9%), and 213 were male (49.1%). Exposed mothers were more likely to be nulliparous; their children were slightly younger at assessment and more likely to have been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. The primary outcome of ASQ-3 score was equivalent between the exposed and unexposed groups (255 vs 260, adjusted median difference, −3.4; 90% CI, −9.8 to 3.0). There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes.
Conclusions and Relevance
In this multicenter cohort study, ASQ-3 scores were equivalent between 18- to 30-month-old children whose mothers did or did not receive mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during or immediately prior to pregnancy. These findings support continued recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination during pregnancy.