DOI: 10.1108/lodj-08-2025-0658 ISSN: 0143-7739

Same leader, different outcomes: how and when paradoxical leadership impact on employee ambidextrous innovation

Dayou Du, Xiangnan Tao, Deyong Ma, Daisy Mui Hung Kee, Pengyu Chen

Purpose

This study investigates how paradoxical leadership (PL) influences employees' ambidextrous innovation through the mediating role of harmonious work passion (HWP). It further examines whether variability in perceived PL weakens this mediation path.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on the self-determination theory and the social information processing theory, we tested a cross-level moderated mediation model using matched data from 125 supervisors and 611 employees across a high-tech enterprise in China.

Findings

Results indicate that PL positively predicts both exploitative and exploratory innovation via enhanced HWP. However, variability in perceived PL did not significantly moderate this mediation effect.

Practical implications

Our results show that leaders can boost employees' ability to improve existing processes and explore new ideas by supporting autonomy, offering clear guidance while allowing flexibility and encouraging genuine enjoyment in work. Consistent leadership behaviors help employees feel secure and motivated to balance efficiency and innovation goals.

Originality/value

This study advances PL theory by uncovering the motivational pathway through HWP and clarifying the limited role of within-team perceptual variability. It offers a novel contribution to understanding how leaders navigate competing demands to promote dual innovation in dynamic work contexts.

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