Safety and feasibility of 300 sessions of left dorsolateral prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation with functional near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring in a patient with Alzheimer's disease: A case report
Jiali Luo, Qi ChenA 74-year-old male with moderate Alzheimer's disease received 300 sessions of transcranial magnetic stimulation over 42 months. Baseline assessments included neuropsychological tests, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and structural MRI. Treatment efficacy was monitored using the Auditory Verbal Learning Test immediate (AVLT-immediate) and 5-minute delayed recall (AVLT-5 min), Digit Span Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) at baseline, during intervention, and post-treatment. After treatment, Z-scores for AVLT-immediate, AVLT-5 min, and the SDMT improved by 0.63, 1.32, and 0.84 points. fNIRS revealed a fluctuated upward trend in the global brain activation. The patient reported a marked improvement in mental clarity.