Role of Platelet Count and Platelet Volume Indices in Ischemic Heart Disease: An Observational Comparative Study
Govind S. Shiddapur, Dhanvi Vikas Rajeev TaleAbstract
Background:
Ischemic heart disease remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, with platelet activation playing a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Platelet indices such as mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR), and plateletcrit (PCT) are increasingly recognized as simple and cost-effective markers of platelet activity and thrombotic risk.
Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 180 participants divided into three groups: chronic stable angina (CSA), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and healthy controls (60 each). Platelet count and platelet volume indices were measured using an automated hematology analyzer, and statistical analysis was performed to compare differences among groups.
Results:
Platelet count was significantly lower in the ACS group compared to CSA and controls. In contrast, MPV, PDW, P-LCR, and PCT were significantly elevated in ACS, reflecting increased platelet activation. MPV emerged as an independent predictor of ischemic heart disease. Among all parameters, P-LCR and MPV demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy. Platelet indices also showed association with cardiovascular risk factors and disease severity.
Conclusion:
Platelet volume indices, particularly MPV and P-LCR, are reliable and easily accessible markers of platelet activation in ischemic heart disease. They may serve as useful adjuncts in diagnosis and risk stratification in both stable and acute coronary conditions.