ROLE OF FACTS DEVICES IN SUSTAINABLE GREEN POWER TRANSMISSION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES

ABSTRACT The rapid increase in global energy demand and environmental concerns associated with fossil fuel-based power generation have accelerated the integration of renewable energy resources into modern electrical power systems. Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power are environmentally friendly and support sustainable development; however, their integration introduces several technical challenges including voltage instability, reactive power imbalance, transmission congestion, power quality issues, and fluctuating power flow. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices provide an effective solution for overcoming these challenges and improving the efficiency, reliability, and stability of green power transmission systems. FACTS technology utilizes advanced power electronics to control transmission parameters such as voltage, impedance, and phase angle. This paper discusses the role of various FACTS devices including Static VAR Compensator (SVC), Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) in improving renewable energy integrated transmission networks. The study highlights the operational principles, advantages, applications, and impacts of FACTS controllers on congestion management, voltage regulation, transmission efficiency, and system stability. Furthermore, the paper explores the contribution of FACTS devices toward smart grids and sustainable energy systems. The analysis concludes that FACTS technology significantly enhances green power transmission by minimizing transmission losses, improving voltage stability, increasing power transfer capability, and supporting reliable renewable energy integration.