Robust d–p hybridization of Ni–Mo–(S, P, Se) boosts pseudocapacitive behavior and hydrogen evolution reaction activity in natural seawater

Robust d–p hybridization regulates the d-band center and promotes electron delocalization, hence boosting pseudocapacitive activity. Besides, the d–p hybridization enhances the OH ⁻ adsorption and accelerates seawater dissociation kinetics.