DOI: 10.1177/15569845261457424 ISSN: 1556-9845

Robot-Assisted Coronary Artery Bypass Versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Mohamed Doma, Edmundo Damiani Bertoli, Gustavo Rovari, Adham Ramadan, Luena Seferasi, Mangesh Kritya, Ghazal Sanadgol, Ibrahim Kamel, Shanmukh Sai Pavan Lingamsetty, Yehia Karara, Lucas Cael Azevedo Ramos Bendaham, Motahar Hosseini, Arnar Geirsson, Chase R. Brown, Andrew M. Goldsweig

Objective:

As alternatives to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), robot-assisted CABG (R-CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) offer less invasive treatments for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, data comparing outcomes of R-CABG versus PCI are limited.

Methods:

Databases were systematically searched for studies comparing R-CABG versus PCI. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), both overall and stratified by left main or multivessel (LM+MV) or isolated left anterior descending artery (LAD) disease. Kaplan–Meier curves were digitally extracted to reconstruct individual participant data (IPD), from which hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for survival analyses.

Results:

Six retrospective studies, including 1,896 patients (R-CABG: 894, 47.1%), were analyzed. The mean age was 63.8 ± 11.3 years, and 78.7% were male patients. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 8 years. Overall, R-CABG was associated with a lower odds of target vessel revascularization (TVR; OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.93, P = 0.03) and myocardial infarction (MI; OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.76, P < 0.01), with no significant difference in all-cause mortality. Among patients with LM+MV disease, R-CABG reduced TVR and MI. In LAD lesions, R-CABG significantly lowered the likelihood of MI (OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.71) as well as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.93). Time-to-event analysis from reconstructed IPD demonstrated significantly improved freedom from reintervention (HR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.60) and MACE (HR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.60) with R-CABG, whereas no significant difference was found for all-cause mortality.

Conclusions:

R-CABG was associated with less TVR and MI compared with PCI in CAD patients, with no difference in all-cause mortality.

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