Risk factors for neonatal VAP: A retrospective cohort study

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a serious complication in neonates requiring mechanical ventilation. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the development of VAP in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. In a retrospective observational study, neonates admitted to the NICU from 1 January 2019, to 31 December 2021, requiring ventilation for more than 48 h were included. Neonates who died within 48 h of NICU admission, those without obtainable consent, or identified with a genetic syndrome were excluded. Various neonatal and clinical variables were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine risk factors associated with VAP. Of the total neonates included, several risk factors were identified for VAP, such as being a premature infant and use of dexamethasone and sedatives. Moreover, reintubation was found to decrease the risk of VAP. Some factors like gestational age, birth weight, Apgar scores at 5 min, and other parameters were found not significantly associated with the development of VAP. The study identified several risk factors associated with the development of VAP in neonates. Recognizing these risk factors could help in the prevention and early management of VAP, thus improving the prognosis for these patients. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and explore the mechanistic links between these factors and VAP.