Rising Anti-Palestinian and Anti-Muslim Racism in Canada: A National Study of Muslim Youth Experiences During the Genocide in Gaza, Palestine

Since October 7, 2023, the Israeli military, backed by full government support, has waged a war of aggression on Gaza, described by human rights organizations and scholars as a genocide. Over 60,000 Palestinians, including nearly 20,000 children, have been killed, with independent researchers estimating much higher figures. Experts warn that the death toll could exceed 180,000, making it one of the most devastating military campaigns in modern history. Globally, the genocide has fueled a surge in anti-Palestinian racism (APR) and anti-Muslim racism (AMR). In Canada, Muslim youth leading Palestine solidarity work are experiencing growing hostility, surveillance, and institutional retaliation. This national qualitative study investigates how Muslim youth in Canada are experiencing the intensification of APR and AMR across schools, online platforms, and community spaces, particularly in relation to their activism. Grounded in Critical Race and Anti-Colonial theories, the research explores how intersectional forms of racism, settler-colonialism, and political repression shapes their lived experiences. It highlights the social, political, and emotional toll of youth activism and calls for institutional accountability and concrete support for those organizing for justice.