Revolutionizing Organ Transplantation Logistics through Blockchain, Smart Contracts, and Internet of Medical Things-driven System
Geet Bawa, Hardeep SinghBackground:
Organ transplantation systems generally follow centralized or decentralized architectures. Centralized systems lack transparency, resulting in ethical issues such as unauthorized waiting-list modifications, unfair organ allocation, and susceptibility to data breaches. While blockchain-based decentralized systems enhance security and trust, they often involve high deployment costs. Additionally, both approaches fail to support real-time monitoring of crucial organ transportation conditions, such as temperature, humidity, vibration, container orientation, and lid open/close status, thereby increasing the risk of organ contamination and degradation.
Aims and Objectives:
This study aims to develop a transparent, secure, and cost-efficient decentralized framework for organ transplantation logistics by integrating blockchain technology, smart contracts, and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices, with a focus on real-time monitoring and data integrity.
Materials and Methods:
The proposed system adopts a decentralized blockchain architecture supported by smart contracts to manage transplantation workflows. IoMT sensors embedded within organ containers continuously capture environmental and physical parameters during transportation. Sensor data are securely recorded on the blockchain to ensure immutability, traceability, and authorized access. A comparative analysis is performed to assess deployment cost and system efficiency.
Results:
The results demonstrate that the proposed system effectively enables real-time monitoring of organ transportation conditions while maintaining transparency and security. The framework achieves high cost efficiency, with a deployment cost of only 0.00111595 Ether, equivalent to approximately 2.74 USD.
Conclusion:
The proposed blockchain–IoMT–based system enhances trust, reduces the risk of organ degradation, and improves the overall safety and sustainability of the organ transplantation process, making it suitable for scalable healthcare applications.