Revisiting the Research on ChatGPT Integration in Higher Education: A Systematic Review on Ethical Dilemmas

This systematic review aims to explore the ethical implications of ChatGPT use in higher education, evaluate stakeholder perceptions, and offer practical recommendations to address the emerging ethical dilemmas. The study employed the PRISMA-based Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology. Peer-reviewed articles published in English from 2022 to 2025 were sourced, and a total of 26 studies were identified, screened, and analyzed based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review identified key ethical concerns, including academic dishonesty, data security, unequal access, diminished teacher-student engagement, and overreliance on AI. Findings indicate divergent perceptions among students, educators, and researchers regarding ChatGPT’s ethical use, with many highlighting both benefits and risks. The review underscores the need for regulatory frameworks and ethical policies in educational institutions. While ChatGPT presents opportunities for pedagogical innovation, its ethical challenges must be addressed through comprehensive guidelines, awareness programs, and responsible use policies. The findings support the need for continuous evaluation to ensure AI tools contribute constructively to educational outcomes.