Retrieval of ultraviolet aerosol absorption from radiation measurements in young wildfire plumes

Aerosols play an important role for atmospheric radiative transfer in biomass burning (BB) plumes, where they control photochemistry, direct radiative forcing, and radiation-induced atmospheric dynamics. The optical properties of BB aerosol, however, remain poorly constrained with respect to their absorptive properties at ultraviolet and visible wavelengths. Aircraft-based observations show considerable variability due to heterogeneity in BB plumes, and different measurement methods do not agree with each other. To overcome this challenge, we have developed an algorithm based on the VLIDORT for photochemistry (VPC) radiative transfer model to retrieve the imaginary refractive index k ( λ ) from airborne actinic flux observations at wavelengths λ of 308–440 nm. Using three flights from NASA/NOAA’s Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) airborne experiment, we obtain values k (387 nm) between 0.02 and 0.03, and absorption Angstrom exponents α _k between 3 and 5 for different transects. Volume absorption cross section (VAC) and single scattering albedo generally agree with aircraft-based observations, but show less variability, most likely because of the inherent spatial averaging of our observations. k ( λ ), VAC and single-scattering co-albedo decrease with physical plume age, with half-lives τ1/2 of 13±3, 16±4 and 17±4 h, respectively. Based on our observations, we present a parameterization of the absorptive properties of BB aerosol from western US wildfires as a function of wavelength and plume age, which will help to improve the representation of BB aerosol in models.