Respiratory Syncytial Virus Shapes Serotype-Specific Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Dynamics in Children: An Observational Study
Inès Fafi, Corinne Levy, Emmanuelle Varon, Robert Cohen, Stéphane Béchet, Zaba Valtuille, André Birgy, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Jean-François Delobbe, Christophe Batard, Zein Assad, Manon Jaboyedoff, Léa Lenglart, Romain Basmaci, Naïm OuldaliAbstract
Background
Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization is the first step toward invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) may trigger IPD, particularly for serotypes with low disease potential. We aimed to analyze the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes among pediatric IPD according to RSV circulation level.
Methods
We used data from 3 continuous French surveillance systems on IPD, pneumococcal carriage and RSV infections from 2008 to 2023. Based on the RSV epidemic threshold, we assessed the proportion of each serotype among IPD, depending on “RSV season” and “non-RSV season.” We assessed the correlation between the likelihood of serotype-specific involvement in IPD according to non-RSV season versus RSV season and the estimated disease potential of each serotype.
Results
Among 4574 IPD cases, the serotype distribution strongly varied during non-RSV season versus RSV season. The lower the disease potential of serotypes, the more RSV circulation enhanced their involvement in IPD (Rho=0.60, CI95% .28–.80, P = .0012).
Conclusions
The role of RSV in triggering IPD strongly varies across pneumococcal serotypes. The impact of RSV-targeted interventions should be evaluated in light of these data.