Resilient State and Attack Estimation in Discrete Markovian Cyber-Physical Systems via Generalized Dynamic Observers

This article presents a generalized observer scheme for dynamic structures designed to estimate the dynamic behavior of various types of attacks, such as Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, False Data Injection (FDIA), and Random Data Injection (RDI). These attacks employ a Markovian distribution logic to alter the behavior of actuators and sensors in a cyber-physical system. A three-tank interconnected system is used to demonstrate the effectiveness in estimating these attacks, modeled under the Takagi–Sugeno representation. This approach allows for precise detection and diagnosis of the attacks, which is essential for the design of controllers that ensure the security and integrity of cyber-physical systems. Moreover, it lays the foundation for developing an attack-tolerant controller based on observers, offering a comprehensive and robust solution to address security challenges.