Residential Parking Disparities in Smart-Capable Domestic EV Charging Access: A Two-Stage Decomposition Using England’s 2024 National Travel Survey

Residential smart-charging access requires both domestic charging infrastructure and smart-capable equipment. We examined the parking-associated disparity across these stages using England’s 2024 National Travel Survey (NTS). Stage 1 included 478 plug-in vehicle records; Stage 2 included 342 with domestic access and known smart status, only 15 of which lacked private off-street parking (11 smart and 4 non-smart). We used NTS interview weights (W3) in logistic models with primary-sampling-unit (PSU)-cluster-robust coefficient inference, marginal standardization, and a PSU-cluster bootstrap for derived quantities. Original sampling strata were not reconstructed. Standardized joint probabilities were 18.5% without and 59.6% with private off-street parking: a 41.1-percentage-point contrast (95% confidence interval 27.5–51.8). The symmetric decomposition allocated 40.6 points to domestic access and 0.5 to conditional smart status. The latter remains imprecise because of the small subgroup without off-street parking and does not establish equivalence. Sensitivity-analysis point estimates of the adjusted joint contrast ranged from 39.8 to 43.3 percentage points. The disparity was concentrated at the domestic-access stage. The NTS measures reported infrastructure, not charging behavior or electricity-system effects. This framework can support future monitoring of changes in domestic access and smart capability.